Substance Use Disorder treatment programs often involving twelve steps toward becoming spiritually enlightened and as a result, sober. The two most popular associations are Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA).

Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire.

The cessation of all consumption of a particular substance or a variety of substances. Often the ultimate goal of substance dependence treatments.

Maladaptive pattern of use leading to clinically significant impairment manifesting one or more of the following within a 12-month period: behavioral impairment, use in hazardous situations, legal problems, recurrent use in spite of social and interpersonal problems.

A prescription drug used to treat alcohol dependence by interacting with the glutamate neurotransmitter system.

Begins within 6 hours of the last drink and can range from minor withdrawal (insomnia, tremulousness, anxiety, GI upset) to seizures, hallucinations and at its most severe, delirium tremens.

Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test — an instrument developed for the World Health Organization (WHO) by an international group of substance abuse researchers to detect and manage substance use and related problems in primary and general medical care settings.

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test — a screening tool developed by the World Health Organization to identify persons whose alcohol consumption has become hazardous or harmful to their health. It is a 10-item screening questionnaire with 3 questions on the amount and frequency of drinking, 3 questions on alcohol dependence, and 4 on problems caused by alcohol. All of the questions are scored using a 5-point Likert scale.

Brief dialogues with patients exploring the consequences of substance use with the intent to strengthen the patient’s own motivation and commitment to positive behavior change.

A partial opioid agonist used to treat opioid addiction.

A non-nicotine, FDA-approved prescription for smoking cessation. Is sold under the brand names Zyban and Wellbutrin.

A brief alcoholism screening tool that inquires about a patient's attempts to Cut down on drinking, Annoyance over others' criticism of the patient's drinking, Guilt related to drinking, and use of an alcoholic drink as an Eye opener.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (federal level).

Extra precautions are taken for the confidentiality of SUD. Information regarding Substance Abuse Problems is confidential and cannot be released to another provider without the specific signed release of information from the patient or a subpoena. This legislation is defined by the Federal Regulation "Confidentiality of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Patient Records.”

A six-item screening instrument intended specifically for adolescents. It draws upon adult screening instruments, covers alcohol and other drugs, and calls upon situations that are suited to adolescents.

Drug Abuse Screening Test — A brief instrument used to detect drug abuse or dependence disorders. The DAST provides a general measure of lifetime problem severity that can be used to guide further inquiry into drug-related problems and to help determine treatment intensity.

Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs (state level: PA).

Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire.

An alcohol withdrawal syndrome characterized by hallucinations, disorientation, tachycardia, hypertension, low grade fever, agitation and diaphoresis. It occurs in 5% of patients experiencing withdrawal, typically begins between 48 and 72 hours after the last drink, can last one to five days and has a mortality rate of 5% (death is usually due to arrhythmias or complicating illnesses such as pneumonia).

Maladaptive pattern of use leading to clinically significant impairment manifesting three or more of the following within a 12-month period: tolerance, withdrawal, using more than intended, preoccupation with use, narrowing of non-drug use activities, continued use in spite of negative consequences, compulsive use.

An opioid found in cough syrups. Referred to as “Poor man’s PCP.” Can produce profound delirium and delusions.

A prescription medication that causes illness when the patient consumes alcohol. Used for alcohol cessation. Sold under the brand name Antabuse.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association. The current version is the DSM-V.

Ethanol (the type of alcohol most commonly used for human consumption).

"Those faculty members with passion for new ideas, who can lead and teach others and who are willing to put the energy into both learning and driving a process of (innovative practice) implementation" (Mengal, Pauwels, and Frey, 2007, p. 284).

Food and Drug Administration (federal level).

(Part of motivational interviewing) Feedback, Listening, Options for Change.

Any inquiry occurring at some defined/discrete point following a posttest. The inquiry may be a formal or informal assessment or evaluation of some phenomenon, usually but not always related to the pretest and posttest. Follow-up assessment may occur at any time point after the posttest (for example, 30 days, 60 days, 1 year, etc.).

The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. Legislation enacted in order to monitor and assess the performance and outcomes of all Federal agencies. Also used to describe the instruments and questionnaires required for all Federally-funded grants and projects.

A broad group of drugs that cause distortions of sensory perception. The prototype hallucinogen is lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). LSD can cause potent sensory perceptions, such as visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations. Related hallucinogens include peyote and mescaline.

A pattern or quantity of alcohol use which places the person at increased risk for alcohol related harm.This is defined by the WHO as more than 4 drinks in a day or more than 14 drinks per week for men under 65, or more than 3 drinks in a day or more than 7 drinks in a week for all women and for men over 65.

Includes the following types of treatment: medically monitored inpatient detox, medically managed inpatient detox, medically managed inpatient residential.

A screening test for alcohol use, related to the DAST for drug use. Michigan Alcohol Screening Test.

Motivational interviewing.

“Pleasure pathway” of the brain involved with substance dependence.

A full opioid agonist used to treat opioid addiction. Only available in highly regimented, specific programs.

A style of patient-led discussion intended to change behaviors. Important concepts include partnership (dancing not wrestling), acceptance (respect, empathy, autonomy, affirmation), compassion and evocation.

An opioid antagonist used most commonly to reverse opioid overdoses. Causes immediate overdose reversal and opioid withdrawal. Sold under the brand name Narcan.

An FDA-approved medication to reduce treat alcohol dependence and opiate addiction by reducing cravings and “reward” from substance use. Sold as ReVia and Vivitrol.

The addictive component in tobacco products.

The non-synthetic derivatives derived from the poppy plant.

Semi-synthetic (partially derived from the plant) and synthetic drugs (not derived from the plant) which mimic opiate actions. A type of depressant drug that diminishes pain and central nervous system activity. Prescription opioids include morphine, meperidine (Demerol), methadone, codeine, and various opioid drugs for coughing and pain. Illicit opioids include heroin.

Includes the following types of treatment: partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, early intervention (education).

Primary Care Physician.

Pennsylvania’s Client Placement Criteria for Adults. A methodology for determining level of treatment and a placement tool for insurers.

Any inquiry occurring after exposure to an intervention or experience. Inquiry may include formal or informal assessment or evaluation (quiz, test, survey) of some phenomenon, usually (but not always) the same as the pretest (although a pretest may not have been conducted).

Any inquiry occurring prior to exposure to an intervention or experience. Inquiries may include formal or informal assessments or evaluations (tests, quizzes, surveys) of some phenomenon. Also known as a "baseline assessment". Pretests are often used in conjunction with posttests.

Actively assisting patients with appropriate treatment and linkages to recovery support for patients who require more extensive treatment and access to specialty care.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (federal level). Pronounced "SAM-suh."

Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment

Single County Authority for Drug and Alcohol. SCAs plan, coordinate, programmatically and fiscally manage and implement the delivery of drug and alcohol prevention, intervention, and treatment services at the local level.

A formal process of assessment to determine whether a patient warrants further attention at the current time for a particular disorder.

In the United States, one standard drink contains 14 grams of alcohol. Equivalent to 12 fl oz of beer (5% alcohol by volume), 8-9 fl oz of malt liquor or imported/specialty beers (7% ABV), 5 fl oz of table wine (12% ABV), 3-4 fl oz of fortified wine such as sherry or port (17% ABV), 2-3 fl oz of cordial, liqueur or aperitif (24% ABV) or 1.5 oz (one shot or jigger) of 80-proof spirits (40% ABV).

A class of drugs that have a stimulating or excitatory effect on the central nervous system. common stimulants include cocaine, caffeine, and amphetamines.

A substance used to treat opioid addiction. A combination of buprenorphine (agonist) and naloxone (antagonist) with a minimal abuse potential. Unlike methodone, can be prescribed in an office environment.

Substance Use Disorder.

A non-nicotine, FDA-approved prescription for smoking cessation. Is sold under the brand name Chantix.

World Health Organization (international level).